Suchergebnisse

The free movement of people and of workers (intra EU mobility) is one of the corner-stones of the EU. It has overwhelmingly benefitted the citizens of the EU member states both in the countries of work and in the countries of origin. Earlier apprehensions on crowding out of less educated workers in the countries of destination and on welfare migration turned out to be by and large refuted. At the same time, EU mobility policies still need a significant deepening and upgrading, to deal with special cases of crowding out in subsectors and with fraudulent contracts. Full integration of some groups of mobile EU workers is difficult because of linguistic and cultural barriers. There is a new challenge for EU policy: integration of circular mobile migrants. EU countries should be guided by the EU to cut red tape and harmonize administration.

The Transport Mobility Package adopted by the EU in 2020, entered into force in 2021, which brought a series of changes to EC Regulation 561/2006 and EU Regulation 165/2014, led to a series of dissatisfactions on the part of Romanian carriers. As a result of the legislative changes, their activity is affected, at the same time considering the measures as discriminatory both for them and for the other partners from the peripheral regions of Europe.

This research enlightens several critical issues emerging from the tension between intra-European mobility and national welfare states. Initially, a broad literature review presents the current academic contributions dealing with the topic from a variety of points of view. Four main disciplines (sociology, economics, political sciences and law) and three levels of analysis (the national, the supra-national and the individual one) are discussed. Subsequently, three empirical chapters provide examples of studies on 'micro' data against this 'macro' background. In particular, two chapters are dedicated to the debated issue of mobile European citizens' access to welfare in host member states. The focus is on unemployment, family and housing benefits which present higher rates of receipt among EU citizens and are the most 'visible' dimension of welfare. The first study provides also a detailed descriptive overview on the populations of EU citizens across countries, while the second tests the concept of 'migration neutrality' over time both intra and inter generations. The use of benefits by EU citizens does not seem to be always connected with their socio-economic profiles, and the first five years of residence come out to be the only relevant threshold to access benefits across all welfare regimes. The last empirical chapter faces a new emerging issue by adopting the point of view of sending countries, that is whether intra-EU mobility is beneficial for intergenerational social mobility. In the case of Romanians, who are the most mobile population in Europe nowadays, the choice to migrate emerges to be detrimental for social mobility, independently from the area of destination. These insights contribute to add evidence to the complex and evolving picture of intra-European mobility, hopefully informing both academics and policy makers.

Cooperation with non-EU countries is a central migration policy priority for the EU, and since 2008 eight Mobility Partnerships have been signed. Given the importance attached to this policy area, it is essential that policy-makers understand how EU external migration policy works in practice. However, the literature on the implementation of EU external migration policy is very limited. This article addresses this deficit, by conducting a conceptual assessment of implementation dynamics in the Mobility Partnerships. At this stage in the implementation process, it is not yet possible to assess whether the Mobility Partnerships have contributed to mobility, which is their stated aim. Instead, the literature on implementation is applied in a "backward" fashion, starting with the implementation dynamics at play. The article concludes that standard analytical frameworks for assessing implementation processes will need to be adapted for "new" policy tools featuring elements of flexibility or voluntary participation, in order to accurately capture implementation processes. Future research should adopt a critical, human rights-centred approach to the issue of implementation of EU external migration policy.

Cooperation with non-EU countries is a central migration policy priority for the EU, and since 2008 eight Mobility Partnerships have been signed. Given the importance attached to this policy area, it is essential that policy-makers understand how EU external migration policy works in practice. However, the literature on the implementation of EU external migration policy is very limited. This article addresses this deficit, by conducting a conceptual assessment of implementation dynamics in the Mobility Partnerships. At this stage in the implementation process, it is not yet possible to assess whether the Mobility Partnerships have contributed to mobility, which is their stated aim. Instead, the literature on implementation is applied in a "backward" fashion, starting with the implementation dynamics at play. The article concludes that standard analytical frameworks for assessing implementation processes will need to be adapted for "new" policy tools featuring elements of flexibility or voluntary participation, in order to accurately capture implementation processes. Future research should adopt a critical, human rights-centred approach to the issue of implementation of EU external migration policy.

Cooperation with non-EU countries is a central migration policy priority for the EU, and since 2008 eight Mobility Partnerships have been signed. Given the importance attached to this policy area, it is essential that policy-makers understand how EU external migration policy works in practice. However, the literature on the implementation of EU external migration policy is very limited. This article addresses this deficit, by conducting a conceptual assessment of implementation dynamics in the Mobility Partnerships. At this stage in the implementation process, it is not yet possible to assess whether the Mobility Partnerships have contributed to mobility, which is their stated aim. Instead, the literature on implementation is applied in a "backward" fashion, starting with the implementation dynamics at play. The article concludes that standard analytical frameworks for assessing implementation processes will need to be adapted for "new" policy tools featuring elements of flexibility or voluntary participation, in order to accurately capture implementation processes. Future research should adopt a critical, human rights-centred approach to the issue of implementation of EU external migration policy.

introduction -- Mobility partnerships in the context of EU external-migration governance -- EU mobility partnerships with Cape Verde and Morocco : context of adoption, content and stage of implementation -- Legal and policy developments in Morocco and Cape Verde -- Contextualisation of the legal and policy developments in Morocco and Cape Verde -- Mobility partnerships : the way forward -- Conclusion.

The paper compares the instruments which enhance the mobility of ENP Mediterranean and Eastern citizens, by distinguishing between visa cooperation and legal migration matters. Our analysis would suggest that cooperation in the field of legal migration, and especially social security rights, is more developed with Mediterranean Partners than with Eastern ones. This can be explained by the fact that the Association Agreements concluded with Mediterranean states are a more fruitful framework for cooperation than the Partnership and Cooperation Agreements concluded with Eastern partners. As far as visa cooperation is concerned, it is, conversely, more developed with Eastern Partners. It appears that the instruments tailored in the context of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice are more appropriate to favouring the short stay of ENP nationals in the EU, to the Association Agreements. In any case, at this point, the opportunities provided by these instruments have not been fully exploited and cooperation levels remain weak.

CARIM-India: Developing a knowledge base for policymaking on India-EU migration ; By bringing in different forms of migrants transfers in the same frame, the paper then focuses on the Indian Diasporas in the EU. It tries to map the migration background of the immigrants in the EU, in terms of their destination of migration, duration of migration and occupational profile, with the resources that they send back, i.e., the nature of private givings generated by these emigrants, and eventually map these private givings with the regional development. ; CARIM-India is co-financed by the European University Institute and the European Union

How has the international mobility of Polish citizens intertwined with other influences to shape society, culture, politics and economics in contemporary Poland?

The Impact of Migration on Poland offers a new approach for understanding how migration affects sending countries, and provides a wide-ranging analysis of how Poland has changed, and continues to change, since EU accession in 2004. The authors explore an array of social trends and their causes before using in-depth interview data to illustrate how migration contributes to those causes. They address fundamental questions about whether and how Polish society is becoming more equal and more cosmopolitan, arguing that for particular segments of society migration does make a difference, and can be seen as both leveller and eye-opener. While the book focuses mainly on stayers in Poland, and their multiple contacts with Poles in other countries, Chapter 9 analyses 'Polish society abroad', a more accurate concept than 'community' in countries like the UK, and Chapter 10 considers impacts of immigration to Poland.

The book is written in a lively and accessible style, and will be important reading for anyone interested in the influence of migration on society, as well as students and scholars researching EU mobility, migration theory and methodology, and issues facing contemporary Europe.